Intramolecular C(sp³)–H Bond Amination Strategies for the Synthesis of Saturated N-containing Heterocycles

Abstract

The selective functionalization of C(sp³)–H bonds via intramolecular amination reactions represents a very attractive strategy for the construction of saturated N-containing heterocycles (SNHets). Over the past decades, the chemical community has devoted its efforts towards expanding the synthetic toolbox with the aim of facilitating access to these key fragments in a controllable, reproducible and efficient manner. This review covers selected examples of the most recent advances in intramolecular C(sp³)–N bond-forming reactions by three main approaches: (1) the Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag (HLF) reaction; (2) transition-metal-catalyzed nitrene C(sp³)–H insertion; and (3) transition-metal-catalyzed ligand-assisted C(sp³)–N bond-forming reactions via a reductive elimination step. We will discuss reactivity, selectivity and the major mechanistic insights into these transformations.