Potentiometric Sensors for Heavy Metals – An Overview

Abstract

An overview of potentiometric sensors that are capable of detecting heavy metal ions is presented. Notwithstanding the tremendous work performed so far, it is obvious that severe limitations still exist in terms of selectivity, limits of detection, dynamic ranges, applicability to specific problems, and reversibility. A survey of important advances in potentiometric sensors with regard to high selectivity, lower detection limit, fast response time and on-line environmental analysis is given.