Full Color Copying

Abstract

Electrophotographic powder toners, often called 'electronic ink', typically consist of 90–95% resin (polyester, styrene-acrylic), 5% colorant, 1–3% charge control agent (CCA), and other additives like waxes. CCAs are needed for the correct toner charge. They must overcome the electrostatic influence of the colorants and the other toner ingredients. Both chemical structure and solid-state parameters are responsible for the electrostatic properties of pigments and CCAs. The measurement of the particle surface charge contributes to the understanding of these effects.