Wirkung von Neuropsychopharmaka auf die neurohumorale Übertragung

Abstract

Numerous modern neuropsychotropic drugs used in medical practice affect neurohumoral transmission in monoaminergic neuronal systems. Some important sites of action of these drugs can be summarized as follows:

Transmitter synthesis L-Dopa
Decarboxylase inhibitors Transmitter storage:
granular membrane
intragranular storage

extragranular storage
Reserpine and related drugs
Phenyl- and indolylalkylamines
False neurotransmitters

Amantadine ? Amphetamine ? Re-uptake at cytoplasmatic membrane Tricyclic antidepressants Inactivating enzymes Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Dopamine receptors Agonists: Apomorphine
Ergoline derivatives
Antagonists: Neuroleptics

The consecutive changes in neurohumoral transmission are probably at least partly responsible for the therapeutic action of the above mentioned drugs. An effect on steps of monoaminergic transmission other than that quoted above as well as influences on other transmitter systems, e. g. those containing acetylcholine or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), may also be of importance in determining the clinical profile of the drugs mentioned above. Substances acting mainly on non-monoaminergic systems include the benzodiazepines (selective enhancement of GABA action) and probably muscle relaxants such as baclofen. The discovery of neuronal systems containing polypeptides as possible neurotransmitters or neuromodulators opens new possibilities in the search for neuropsychotropic drugs.